3/30/2024 0 Comments The chaperone 3d comic part 53![]() One TP53 allele is orthologous to other mammalian TP53 genes, whereas the other copies of elephant TP53 are retrogenes. Similar content being viewed by othersĪfrican and Asian elephants evolved ~20 additional TP53 genes in their genome. Understanding the molecular mechanism by which the additional elephant TP53 retrogenes function may provide evolutionary insight that can be utilized for the development of therapeutics to treat human cancers. ![]() Our data show, for the first time, that expression of this truncated elephant p53 retrogene protein induces apoptosis in human cancer cells. At the mitochondria, p53-R9 binds to the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member Bax, which leads to caspase activation, cytochrome c release, and cell death. Tid1 expression is required for p53-R9-induced apoptosis. When expressed in human osteosarcoma cells (U2OS), p53-R9 binds to Tid1, the chaperone protein responsible for mitochondrial translocation of human p53 in response to cellular stress. This C-terminally truncated p53 retrogene protein lacks the nuclear localization signals and oligomerization domain of its full-length counterpart. Elephant TP53-RETROGENE 9 ( TP53-R9) encodes a p53 protein (p53-R9) that is truncated in the middle of the canonical DNA binding domain. Approximately 20 TP53 retrogenes exist in the African and Asian elephant genomes ( Loxodonta Africana, Elephas Maximus) in addition to a conserved TP53 gene that encodes a full-length protein.
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